With the increasing use of transparent glass in facades and interiors, the correct glass selection also gains importance. In projects where correct glass selection cannot be made;
- Not being able to cool and / or heat the building
- Increased electricity consumption caused by artificial lighting due to insufficient amount of natural light,
- In the opposite case, the problem of glare in the interior due to uncontrolled light penetration,
- Risk of injury from human impact,
- Material losses as a result of attacks and theft attempts,
- Different problems such as physical and psychological disturbances due to noise may occur.
In addition, glass breakage may also occur due to reasons such as failure to determine the appropriate glass thickness or failure to make thermal breakage calculation. These problems, which are not possible to be solved later, can be overcome by identifying these problems by making the correct diagnosis and choosing the appropriate glass during the design phase in line with the needs of the project.

For the reasons mentioned above, it is of great importance which glass will be preferred in which thickness and for what reason. At this point, as your solution partner OPTİMAL ARCHITECTURE, we are trying to achieve the minimum cost - maximum benefit point in our projects with the "Glass Consultancy" service we offer project-specific.
At the same time in correctly analysed interiors;

- To ensure that daylight reaches the interior more,
- To increase the brightness level of the environment by reflecting the light with the use of mirrors and to make the space perceived more spacious and wider,
- By utilising the translucency of glass, frosted glass in different and modern patterns can be used to separate the two spaces,
- It is possible to add colour to the spaces with painted glasses.

It is the value that shows how much heat the material conducts, thus the insulation level and the value that varies in each material. In other words, when the difference between the temperatures of two parallel surfaces of a material with a thickness d (m) is 1K = 1ºC, it is the amount of heat passing perpendicularly through 1 m surface in 1 hour.  The heat permeability coefficient is related to the thermal resistance of the material, if the thermal resistance increases (increasing the thickness of the plate to be used will increase the thermal resistance), the heat permeability coefficient will decrease.

It is the amount of heat passing through the 1m2 surface of the thermal insulation material at a distance of 1m perpendicular to each other when the temperature difference is 1ºC.

It is the amount of heat energy that must be given from the heating system to the heated environment in a month. Unit is "J".

It is the amount of heat energy that must be given from the heating system to the heated environment in a year. Unit is "J".

It is the amount of heat energy lost per unit time by conduction and ventilation from the outer shell of the building in case of 1 K temperature difference between inside and outside. Unit is "W/K".

It is the monthly average value of the outside temperature. Unit is "0 C".

It is the monthly average value of internal temperature. Unit is "0 C".

It is the amount of heat energy emitted per unit time from the heat sources located outside the heating system of the building, in the heated environment. Unit is "W".

It is the amount of solar energy directly reaching the heated environment per unit time. Unit is "W".

It is the contribution rate of the sum of internal heat gains and solar energy gain to the heating of the environment. Building Utilisation Area (An) It is the additional usage area of the building. Unit is "m2".

It is the volume calculated according to the dimensions of the outer shell surrounding the building. Unit is "m3".

External wall, ceiling, floor/flooring, window, door etc. It is the sum of the heat loss surface areas of the building components and is found according to external measurements. Unit is "m2".

It is the ratio of the total surface losing heat (Atop) to the heated building volume (Vbrüt). Unit is "m-1".

It is the arithmetic inverse of thermal conductivity. Denoted by the symbol R. (resistance)

It is the ratio of the amount of water vapour present in the air to the highest amount of water vapour that can be found in the air at that temperature.

There is a temperature at which water vapour in the air turns into water as a result of temperature drop. This value called condensation temperature varies according to each temperature and relative humidity percentage. If the relative humidity increases, the difference between the ambient temperature and the condensing temperature decreases. As the difference decreases, the insulation thickness increases. In order to prevent condensation on the inner surface of the outer walls, the surface temperature must be above the condensation point. For this, it is necessary either to heat the interior space much more than necessary, or to increase the internal surface temperature by making thermal insulation on the wall.

The partial vapour pressure of water vapour, which varies with temperature and relative humidity, encounters a resistance as it moves from high to low. The 1 m surface of all building materials resists vapour diffusion depending on its thickness. The ratio of this resistance to the vapour diffusion resistance of air is called the vapour diffusion resistance coefficient. In thermal insulation materials, although it varies according to the detail, it is generally ideal to have high vapour diffusion resistance.
Factors affecting this coefficient:
- Temperature that does not depend on the material
- Depending on the material
- Cell wall thickness,
- Cohesion in cell walls
- Closed cell
- Small cell size
- Homogeneity

It is the weight of the material per unit volume. Ideally, the most suitable densities should be used in terms of dimensional stability and mechanical strength. Therefore, specialists should be consulted when selecting the material.

The temperature to which the material will be exposed at the place where it is applied should be determined in advance and the material should be selected in accordance with this temperature.

The mechanical strength of thermal insulation materials is generally accepted as the compressive stress value that creates 10% deformation in the material.

It is ideal that the water absorption rates of thermal insulation materials are zero or close to zero

The deformation of materials by temperature or pressure must be very small.

The partial vapour pressure of water vapour, which varies with temperature and relative humidity, encounters a resistance as it moves from high to low. The 1 m surface of all building materials resists vapour diffusion depending on its thickness. The ratio of this resistance to the vapour diffusion resistance of air is called the vapour diffusion resistance coefficient. In thermal insulation materials, although it varies according to the detail, it is generally ideal to have high vapour diffusion resistance.
Factors affecting this coefficient:
- Temperature that does not depend on the material
- Depending on the material
- Cell wall thickness,
- Cohesion in cell walls
- Closed cell
- Small cell size
- Homogeneity

It is a comparison of the total transmittance of solar energy compared to 3 mm colourless glass. 3 mm clear glass transmits about 87% of the light. Lower shading coefficient means better solar control.

It is the percentage of light incident on the glass that is reflected back by the glass.

It is the percentage of the total solar energy entering the glass. Lower solar energy total transmittance value means better solar control. Solar energy is a phenomenon that we want to avoid in hot weather and utilise in cold weather. Therefore, it may be logical to use our choice in favour of glass that passes more light and heat on the northern facades where there will be less illumination but less heating. However, in hot climates, solar energy will increase cooling costs, so we want to avoid it as much as possible. In cold climates, high SHGC is preferred to maximise the use of passive solar energy (>0.55). In hot climates, it is recommended to be less than 0.4.

In the past, glazing that reduced heat gain also reduced daylight gain. But today, while reducing the solar gain coefficient, it is possible not to cause a decrease in daylight gain at the same rate. It is meaningful to mention the Daylight Gain / Solar Gain ratio in terms of this feature.

It is the comparison of the total solar energy transmittance with 3 mm colourless glass. Lower shading coefficient means better solar control. This coefficient is the ratio of the solar heat gain coefficient of the window for which the window is given to the solar heat gain coefficient of a standard reference window with a single-leaf 3 mm transparent glass receiving radiation in the same environmental conditions and in the same way. If this value is greater than 1, it is taken into consideration in increasing solar gain and if it is smaller, it is taken into consideration in reducing solar gain and therefore in solar control. We can find the SHGC value by multiplying the SC value by 0.87.